{"id":228447,"date":"2024-08-06T09:25:20","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T02:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/?page_id=228447"},"modified":"2024-08-06T09:25:20","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T02:25:20","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e7%af%87%e3%80%80%e8%a6%81%e8%b5%b0%e4%b8%8a%e4%ba%ab%e5%8f%97%e7%a5%9e%e7%9a%84%e8%b7%af%e5%bf%85%e9%a1%bb%e5%85%88%e8%bd%ac%e8%a7%82%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/?page_id=228447","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

\u674e\u5e38\u53d7\u6587\u96c6\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u516b\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c<\/h2>\n

\u751f\u547d\u6811\u4e0e\u5584\u6076\u6811\u7684\u5f02\u8c61<\/h3>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7\u3000\u8981\u8d70\u4e0a\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u7684\u8def\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8f6c\u89c2\u5ff5<\/h4>\n

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\u58f9\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8d70\u4e0a\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u2014\u7ea6\u4e9439\uff5e40\uff0c\u6765\u56db16\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u4eba\u4f5c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u4eba\u5bf9\u5c5e\u7075\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u770b\u89c1\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u975e\u5f97\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6709\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u770b\u89c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u2014\u7ea6\u4e093\u30015\uff0c\u4f2f\u56db\u4e8c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u4eca\u5929\u795e\u513f\u5973\u4eec\u7684\u96be\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u770b\u89c1\u5f02\u8c61\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6709\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u770b\u89c1\u2014\u5f92\u4e8c\u516d19\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d30\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u4e0e\u56de\u6559\u5f92\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u795e\u7684\u6765\u5f80\uff0c\u548c\u56de\u6559\u91cc\u4eba\u5bf9\u795e\u7684\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u6709\u5206\u522b\u7684\u2014\u7ea6\u56db24\uff0c\u5341\u4e945\u30017\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u56de\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u656c\u62dc\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u795e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u656c\u62dc\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fdb\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u795e\u20145\u30017\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u5723\u7ecf\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u656c\u62dc\u795e\u4e43\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u795e\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u20145\u30017\u8282\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u795e\u91cc\u9762\u800c\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u656c\u62dc\u5728\u795e\u770b\u6839\u672c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u2014\u592a\u4e8c\u4e095\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u5341\u4e94\u8282\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u662f\u8461\u8404\u6811\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u679d\u5b50\uff1b\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u91cc\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4eba\u5c31\u591a\u7ed3\u679c\u5b50\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u79bb\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff1b\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u79bb\u4e86\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u4f5c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3000\u4e03\u8282\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u82e5\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u4e5f\u4f4f\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u51e1\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u613f\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u7948\u6c42\u5c31\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u6210\u5c31\u201d\uff1b\u53ef\u89c1\u8fde\u6211\u4eec\u7977\u544a\u795e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f4f\u5728\u4e3b\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3000\u4e14\u8fde\u90a3\u4e9b\u7231\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u5b5d\u656c\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6559\u517b\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u5fe0\u5fc3\u670d\u4e8b\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u5584\u5f85\u4ec6\u4eba\u7b49\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u9898\u5230\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e3b\u91cc\u4f5c\u2014\u4e9420\uff5e25\uff0c\u516d1\uff5e9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c1\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u548c\u5916\u90a6\u5b97\u6559\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u65e7\u7ea6\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u51fa\u5341\u4e0921\uff5e22\uff0c\u6797\u524d\u5341\u4e9445\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e8c\u534122\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u53c8\u771f\u53c8\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\uff1b\u6d3b\u795e\u91cc\u5934\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5206\u2014\u897f\u4e0018\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e8c\u534122\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u6d3b\u795e\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u5185\uff0c\u548c\u4eba\u8c03\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u2014\u8bd7\u4e8c\u4e094\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e8c\u534122\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5728\u65f7\u91ce\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8ddf\u4ece\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u5916\uff0c\u66ff\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e8b\u7684\u795e\uff1b\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6d3b\u795e\u2014\u8bd7\u4e8c\u4e094\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u91cc\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u5f7c\u5f97\u3001\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u89c1\u6d3b\u795e\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u770b\u89c1\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u4f4d\u8c03\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u5934\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u663e\u51fa\u7942\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u2014\u52a0\u4e8c20\uff0c\u7ea6\u5341\u4e8c22\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8086\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u3001\u7977\u544a\u3001\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u627e\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5b89\u9759\u5728\u795e\u9762\u524d\uff1b\u9996\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u2014\u8bd7\u4e8c\u4e034\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u4e5d147\uff5e148\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u7977\u544a\u662f\u4e3a\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u795e\u9762\u524d\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u656c\u62dc\u8eab\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\uff0c\u5411\u7942\u6c42\u544a\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u2014\u4e8c\u4e034\uff0c\u56db\u4e8c1\uff5e2\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u7977\u544a\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e3a\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u7977\u544a\u4e43\u662f\u547c\u5438\u795e\u2014\u5e16\u524d\u4e9417\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u4f60\u5230\u795e\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u63a5\u89e6\u7942\uff0c\u5438\u53d6\u7942\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7942\uff0c\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7942\u9762\u524d\uff1b\u795e\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e5f\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u533b\u6cbb\u4e5f\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u96be\u5904\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e5f\u6765\u4e86\uff1b\u795e\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6765\u4e86\u2014\u8153\u56db12\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u795e\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u90fd\u6446\u5728\u8eab\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u5fd8\u6389\uff0c\u53ea\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5438\u53d6\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u2014\u8bd7\u4e00\u4e00\u4e5d147\uff5e148\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u540c\u6837\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u7740\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u795e\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9886\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u8bad\u2014\u7ea6\u516d63\uff0c\u6765\u56db12\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u8bfb\u7ecf\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7f57\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9677\u9631\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u5b57\u53e5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u8bad\u2014\u7ea6\u4e9439\uff5e40\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u5f53\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e3b\u7684\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6cd5\u5229\u8d5b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e7\u7ea6\u8bfb\u5f97\u592a\u719f\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7f57\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u5f53\u660e\u767d\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u770b\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80af\u5230\u4e3b\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\u5f97\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u8bfb\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u901a\uff0c\u5374\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6478\u7740\u795e\u201439\uff5e40\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3b\u9762\u524d\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6478\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u4e3b\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u7977\u544a\u4e43\u662f\u547c\u5438\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8bfb\u7ecf\u4e43\u662f\u5438\u53d6\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u7977\u544a\u3001\u8bfb\u7ecf\u90fd\u8be5\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u2014\u5e16\u524d\u4e9417\uff0c\u7ea6\u516d63\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u795e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u610f\u601d\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u656c\u62dc\u7942\uff0c\u4e8b\u5949\u7942\uff1b\u795e\u7edd\u4e0d\u8981\u4eba\u4e3a\u7942\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u795e\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u662f\u8981\u628a\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u2014\u592a\u4e8c\u516d26\uff5e28\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u8981\u656c\u62dc\u795e\u3001\u4e8b\u5949\u795e\u3001\u4f8d\u7acb\u5728\u795e\u9762\u524d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4eba\u5815\u843d\u540e\u800c\u6709\u7684\u5929\u7136\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u8fd9\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u6240\u8981\u7684\u2014\u53ef\u4e035\uff5e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u795e\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u7ed9\u7942\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u80fd\u4f5c\u4eba\u7684\u98df\u7269\u8fdb\u5230\u4eba\u91cc\u5934\uff1b\u795e\u8981\u4f5c\u4eba\u6240\u5403\u3001\u6240\u559d\u3001\u6240\u547c\u5438\u3001\u6240\u4eab\u53d7\u3001\u6240\u51ed\u4ee5\u4e3a\u751f\u7684\uff1b\u795e\u8981\u4f5c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6027\u60c5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u2014\u7ea6\u516d35\uff0c\u592a\u4e8c\u516d26\uff5e28\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u795e\u4e0d\u8981\u4eba\u4e3a\u7942\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u7942\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4eab\u53d7\u4e86\u7942\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7942\u8981\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u957f\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u7942\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1b\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u91cc\u5934\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u795e\u771f\u6b63\u4f5c\u4e86\u4f60\u91cc\u5934\u7684\u4eab\u53d7\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4f1a\u53eb\u4f60\u7ed3\u51fa\u679c\u5b50\u201426\uff5e28\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9646\u3000\u613f\u4e3b\u601c\u60af\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u89c1\uff1b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u795e\u9762\u524d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5c31\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3b\u9762\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\u3001\u656c\u62dc\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u8be5\u662f\u7ed3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4f5c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u679c\u5b50\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5438\u53d6\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u53d6\u7528\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u8ba9\u795e\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u2014\u7ea6\u56db24\uff0c\u516d63\uff0c\u5f17\u4e0919\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u804c\u4e8b\u4fe1\u606f\u6458\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8981\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8f6c\u89c2\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n

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