{"id":248833,"date":"2025-04-15T15:53:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/?page_id=248833"},"modified":"2025-04-15T15:53:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:53:17","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%89%e7%ab%a0%e3%80%80%e5%8f%ac%e4%bc%9a%e5%bb%ba%e9%80%a0%e7%9a%84%e7%ab%8b%e5%9c%ba","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/?page_id=248833","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

\u674e\u5e38\u53d7\u6587\u96c6\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c<\/h2>\n

\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u804c\u4e8b<\/h3>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u53ec\u4f1a\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7acb\u573a<\/h4>\n

\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff1a\u5f17\u56db4\uff0c\u6797\u524d\u4e002\uff0c\u5341\u4e8c12\uff5e13\uff0c\u5f92\u516b1\uff0c\u5341\u4e9441\uff0c\u542f\u4e0011\uff0c\u52a0\u4e002\uff0c\u7f57\u5341\u516d16\uff0c\u897f\u56db15\uff5e16\uff0c\u6797\u524d\u4e0010\uff5e13<\/p>\n

\u58f9\u3000\u53ec\u4f1a\u5efa\u9020\u4e0a\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u96be\u5904\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff0c\u542f\u4e0011\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u6700\u521d\u5728\u53ec\u4f1a\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4f1a\u2014\u5f92\u4e8c41\uff5e47\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u5f53\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u4f17\u5723\u5f92\u5efa\u9020\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff1b\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u7684\u5723\u5f92\u88ab\u5efa\u9020\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u2014\u5f92\u516b1\uff0c\u5f17\u4e001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f0\u5317\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3001\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u3001\u4fe1\u4e49\u4f1a\u3001\u8def\u5fb7\u4f1a\u3001\u771f\u7406\u5802\u7b49\uff1b\u53f0\u5317\u6210\u4e86\u6559\u5802\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0010\uff5e13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d30\u3000\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff5e6\uff0c\u6797\u524d\u4e002\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u53f2\u767e\u514b\u5f1f\u5144\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8054\u5408\u2014\u5f17\u56db13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e00\u70b9\u57fa\u7763\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u2014\u6797\u524d\u5341\u4e8c3\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u627f\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e09\u4e00\u795e\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u7531\u7ae5\u5973\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u6240\u751f\uff0c\u9489\u6b7b\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d41\u8840\u8d4e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u5347\u5230\u5929\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u6709\u4e9b\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u76f8\u5f53\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u591a\u8fd8\u662f\u5c11\u2014\u5f17\u4e0917\uff5e19\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c1\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e76\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff5e6\uff0c\u542f\u4e0011\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ec\u4f1a\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u2014\u5f17\u4e0022\uff5e23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ec\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3001\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u3001\u54e5\u6797\u591a\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ec\u4f1a\u2014\u542f\u4e0011\uff0c\u5f92\u5341\u4e091\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e093\uff5e4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u3001\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u3001\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u90fd\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff5e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8086\u3000\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0e\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u4e8b\u2014\u7ea6\u56db20\uff5e24\uff0c\u5f17\u56db4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u53f2\u767e\u514b\u5f1f\u5144\u5bf9\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0010\uff5e13\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u79f0\u4e49\u53ec\u4f1a\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u542f\u4e0011\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0012\uff5e13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e094\uff5e9\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8c01\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\u591a\uff0c\u8c01\u5c31\u5bf9\u7684\u591a\uff1b\u8c01\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8c01\u5c31\u5bf9\u7684\u5c11\u2014\u5f17\u56db13\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ee1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u2014\u8153\u4e098\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6e05\u695a\u5c5e\u7075\u548c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u2014\u7ea6\u56db20\uff5e24\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\u5b9e\u5728\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff5e6\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u6885\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u53f2\u767e\u514b\u5f1f\u5144\u6781\u4e3a\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6885\u5c14\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u90fd\u7559\u5728\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u6240\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0012\uff5e13\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3000\u6155\u5b89\u5f97\u70c8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u7684\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e094\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u6765\u5b9a\u89c4\u4ed6\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5982\u4f55\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff0c\u897f\u4e0018\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u3000\u795e\u8981\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u7559\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u656c\u62dc\u7942\uff1b\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u656c\u62dc\u795e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u7533\u5341\u4e8c5\uff5e7\uff0c\u738b\u4e0a\u516b1\uff5e11\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u63b3\u5230\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u671f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u558a\u7740\u8be5\u56de\u5230\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u7559\u5728\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u2014\u62c9\u4e001\uff5e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u662f\u6700\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ee1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u3001\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7559\u5728\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u2014\u4f46\u516d10\uff5e11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f52\u56de\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u610f\u89c1\u4e5f\u6709\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u5a36\u4e86\u5916\u90a6\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u6027\u6bd4\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u5dee\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u2014\u62c9\u4e5d1\uff5e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3000\u5c5e\u7075\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u2014\u7ea6\u56db20\uff5e24\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u2014\u7ea6\u56db20\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u795e\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5f97\u5df2\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eba\u867d\u5728\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u5fc3\u5374\u662f\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u2014\u4f46\u516d10\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9646\u3000\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u2014\u542f\u4e0011\uff0c\u6797\u524d\u4e002\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u53ec\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u2014\u5f92\u516b1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff1b\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5373\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e002\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u4e86\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3001\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u4f1a\u3001\u77f6\u6cd5\u4f1a\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u90fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0012\uff5e13\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0012\uff0c\u4e094\uff5e5\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u5230\u4e86\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u90a3\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e094\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3000\u4ece\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6765\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u540c\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u53e6\u5174\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\u2014\u6797\u524d\u5341\u4e8c20\uff5e27\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u6709\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f1a\uff1b\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ad9\u4f4f\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u5b9a\u89c4\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e0013\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5bf9\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5c5e\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4fdd\u7f57\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u5374\u975e\u5e38\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2a\u90fd\u6ee1\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u2014\u6797\u524d\u4e091\uff5e4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u67d2\u3000\u4e0d\u80fd\u504f\u91cd\u5c5e\u7075\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u897f\u4e0018\uff0c\u5f17\u4e0022\uff5e23\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u5efa\u9020\u53ec\u4f1a\u5982\u540c\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7acb\u573a\uff1b\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u592a\u6ce8\u610f\u5c5e\u7075\u800c\u8f7b\u5ffd\u4e86\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u5f17\u4e8c20\uff5e22\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u4f26\u6566\u539f\u672c\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6f58\u6c64\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8d77\u7801\u8fd9\u4e9b\u805a\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u7684\u2014\u6797\u524d\u5341\u4e8c12\uff5e13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u5c5e\u7075\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u7acb\u573a\u5374\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u2014\u5f17\u56db4\uff5e6\uff0c\u7ea6\u56db20\uff5e24\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u63a5\u53d7\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4e5f\u656c\u91cd\u4ed6\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5206\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u656c\u91cd\u5979\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5206\u2014\u6797\u524d\u5341\u4e8c4\uff5e7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u634c\u3000\u7ad9\u4f4f\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u884c\u5728\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u2014\u7ea6\u516b32\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u4e0915\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5411\u4f60\u4eec\u9648\u660e\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9886\u4f1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u610f\u6709\u591a\u8fdc\uff1b\u6211\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e43\u662f\u4e3a\u7740\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u95e8\u2014\u63d0\u524d\u4e0915\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3000\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5168\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4eba\u4ece\u4e1c\u897f\u5357\u5317\u5404\u5730\u6765\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u90fd\u6709\uff1b\u4f60\u6211\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u61c2\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u4f5c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u5efa\u9020\u2014\u5f17\u4e8c21\uff5e22\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u516c\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5bbd\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8be5\u53bb\u8d70\u90a3\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u82b1\u5de5\u592b\u4e3a\u7740\u7acb\u573a\u4e89\u6218\u2014\u72b93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3000\u4e3b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u8981\u6709\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8981\u6293\u7262\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8981\u6293\u7262\u7acb\u573a\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u2014\u5f17\u56db3\uff5e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u77e5\u795e\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u5174\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e3a\u7740\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u542f\u4e0011\uff0c\u5f17\u56db4\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u804c\u4e8b\u4fe1\u606f\u6458\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u770b\u89c1\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u4e5f\u8981\u770b\u89c1\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u4e0a\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u96be\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6700\u521d\u5728\u53ec\u4f1a\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4f1a\u3002\u5f53\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u4f17\u5723\u5f92\u5efa\u9020\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff1b\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u7684\u5723\u5f92\u88ab\u5efa\u9020\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f0\u5317\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3001\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u3001\u4fe1\u4e49\u4f1a\u3001\u8def\u5fb7\u4f1a\u3001\u771f\u7406\u5802\u7b49\uff1b\u53f0\u5317\u6210\u4e86\u6559\u5802\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5be1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8fd8\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u53f2\u767e\u514b\u5f1f\u5144\uff08T. Austin-Sparks\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8054\u5408\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f53\u7740\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u9762\uff0c\u53cd\u9a73\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e00\u70b9\u57fa\u7763\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u627f\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e09\u4e00\u795e\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u7531\u7ae5\u5973\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u6240\u751f\uff0c\u9489\u6b7b\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d41\u8840\u8d4e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u5347\u5230\u5929\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u76f8\u5f53\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u591f\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u518d\u53bb\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u591a\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff1f\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u591a\u8fd8\u662f\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e76\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u7acb\u573a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4f4d\u897f\u56fd\u5f1f\u5144\uff0c\u56e0\u7740\u53d7\u5230\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f\u8fd8\u6709\u53ec\u4f1a\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u95ee\u9898\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u6211\u4fbf\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u3001\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u3001\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u90fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u3002\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ec\u4f1a\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ec\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3001\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u3001\u54e5\u6797\u591a\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ec\u4f1a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0e\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u4e8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u767e\u514b\u5f1f\u5144\u5bf9\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u3002\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u79f0\u4e49\u53ec\u4f1a\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u6709\u4f4d\u5f1f\u5144\u6839\u636e\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u6240\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u95ee\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5047\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u73ed\u8131\u79bb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u53c8\u5408\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff1f\u201d\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u5f1f\u5144\u518d\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u6cd5\uff1f\u201d\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u8be5\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8c01\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\u591a\uff0c\u8c01\u5c31\u5bf9\u7684\u591a\uff1b\u8c01\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8c01\u5c31\u5bf9\u7684\u5c11\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u539f\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4e3e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff1f\u53c8\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u53eb\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4e0a\u5f97\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u662f\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ee1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u5979\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6e05\u695a\u5c5e\u7075\u548c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\u5b9e\u5728\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6885\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\uff08F. B. Meyer\uff09\u662f\u53f2\u767e\u514b\u5f1f\u5144\u6781\u4e3a\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6885\u5c14\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u90fd\u7559\u5728\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u6240\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u4ed6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\uff1f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4eba\u6155\u5b89\u5f97\u70c8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u6765\u5b9a\u89c4\u4ed6\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5982\u4f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795e\u8981\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u7559\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u656c\u62dc\u7942\uff1b\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u656c\u62dc\u795e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u63b3\u5230\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u671f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u558a\u7740\u8be5\u56de\u5230\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u7559\u5728\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\uff0c\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u4e4e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6216\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u5168\u5728\u4e8e\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u8eab\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u4e4e\u5c5e\u7075\uff1b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u662f\u6700\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ee1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u3001\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7559\u5728\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f52\u56de\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u610f\u89c1\u4e5f\u6709\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u5a36\u4e86\u5916\u90a6\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u6027\u6bd4\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u5dee\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u95ee\uff0c\u662f\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u7ad9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u5f31\u4e0d\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4eba\u7ad9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\uff1f\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u5c5e\u7075\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u795e\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5f97\u5df2\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eba\u867d\u5728\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u5fc3\u5374\u662f\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u53cd\u95ee\u6211\uff1a\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u201d\u6211\u5c31\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u5f62\u5bb9\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u3002\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u53ec\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e3a\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\u3002\u539f\u672c\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u5206\u4e86\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u91cc\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8dd1\u5230\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u6807\u699c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff1b\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5373\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u4e86\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3001\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u4f1a\u3001\u77f6\u6cd5\u4f1a\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u90fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u5230\u4e86\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u90a3\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ece\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53ec\u4f1a\u6709\u5f1f\u5144\u5230\u4e86\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u7684\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e3b\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u575a\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6765\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u540c\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u53e6\u5174\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u6709\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f1a\uff1b\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ad9\u4f4f\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u5b9a\u89c4\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5bf9\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5c5e\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4fdd\u7f57\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u5374\u975e\u5e38\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2a\u90fd\u6ee1\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u4f5c\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u8be5\u5230\u4fdd\u7f57\u4f1a\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8bf4\u5230\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7406\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u5f04\u6210\u5c0f\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u628a\u53ec\u4f1a\u5f04\u6210\u5c0f\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u90fd\u9650\u5236\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5fc3\u5e73\u9759\u6c14\u7684\u66ff\u4ed6\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cc\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff1b\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u7b97\u6570\u4e8c\u52a0\u4e8c\u7b49\u4e8e\u56db\uff0c\u600e\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e8c\u52a0\u4e8c\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e94\u5462\uff1f\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u4e5f\u770b\u51fa\u4e8b\u60c5\u5230\u4e86\u4e3a\u96be\u7684\u50f5\u5c40\uff0c\u4ed6\u50cf\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9694\u5929\u5c31\u5c06\u90a3\u4e2a\u8c08\u8bdd\u805a\u4f1a\u505c\u4e86\uff1b\u4ed6\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u897f\u56fd\u5f1f\u5144\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5341\u5206\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u504f\u91cd\u5c5e\u7075\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5efa\u9020\u53ec\u4f1a\u5982\u540c\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u592a\u6ce8\u610f\u5c5e\u7075\u800c\u8f7b\u5ffd\u4e86\u7acb\u573a\uff1b\u4ed6\u5728\u8d35\u6a61\uff08Honor Oak\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u5f53\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u7740\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\uff08\u6c42\u4e3b\u7528\u8840\u906e\u76d6\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\uff09\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u9014\u3002\u56e0\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u7acb\u573a\u800c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u8d35\u6a61\u53bb\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b9e\u5728\u80fd\u5f97\u7740\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4eba\u5f80\u5916\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u8981\u5230\u4f55\u5904\u53bb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f26\u6566\u539f\u672c\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\uff08Brethren\uff09\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6f58\u6c64\uff08D. M. Panton\uff09\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8d77\u7801\u8fd9\u4e9b\u805a\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u4e0d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6446\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u8d35\u6a61\u53e6\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u5c5e\u7075\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8d35\u6a61\u5230\u522b\u5904\u53bb\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u805a\u4f1a\uff1f\u5230\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u53bb\u4e48\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5230\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u53bb\u4e48\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u597d\u968f\u7740\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u53e6\u8d77\u805a\u4f1a\u4e48\uff1f\u5c5e\u7075\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u7acb\u573a\u5374\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u63a5\u53d7\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4e5f\u656c\u91cd\u4ed6\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5206\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\uff08Madame Guyon\uff09\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u656c\u91cd\u5979\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u975e\u8bae\u76d6\u6069\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u7528\u4e8e\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u3002\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u5728\u94a6\u4f69\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u975e\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u6539\u6b63\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u975e\u8bae\u4ed6\u3002\u8fd9\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4eba\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u8d35\u6a61\u5f97\u7740\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u540e\u5c31\u65e0\u5904\u53ef\u53bb\uff0c\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u8d35\u6a61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6d41\u8361\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u53eb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u90fd\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f5c\u6d41\u8361\u7684\u661f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e94\u5341\u51e0\u5904\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u90fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u96be\u5904\u4e0e\u5371\u9669\u3002\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u592a\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u8d35\u6a61\u53ef\u4ee5\u90a3\u6837\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u6765\u6539\u6b63\u4e1c\u65b9\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u6b63\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u843d\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u5149\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ad9\u4f4f\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u884c\u5728\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8def\u4e0a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5411\u4f60\u4eec\u9648\u660e\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9886\u4f1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u610f\u6709\u591a\u8fdc\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e43\u662f\u4e3a\u7740\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u95e8\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5168\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4eba\u4ece\u4e1c\u897f\u5357\u5317\u5404\u5730\u6765\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u4f60\u6211\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u61c2\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u4f5c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u95ed\u5173\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u897f\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u8981\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f97\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5f1f\u5144\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u4ed8\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u5230\u600e\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u5206\u5bf8\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u597d\u6bd4\u63a8\u78e8\uff0c\u78e8\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u7684\u8c46\u8150\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u4e24\u6876\u6c34\u7ed9\u51b2\u8d70\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u516c\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5bbd\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8be5\u53bb\u8d70\u90a3\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u82b1\u5de5\u592b\u4e3a\u7740\u7acb\u573a\u4e89\u6218\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5973\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u795e\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u53eb\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0a\u7684\u9020\u5c31\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u8981\u6709\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8981\u6293\u7262\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8981\u6293\u7262\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u7acb\u523b\u4f1a\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u65e0\u6240\u9002\u4ece\u4e4b\u6d41\u8361\u7684\u661f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8d70\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8d70\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5230\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u8d70\u771f\u7406\u8def\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u8d28\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u8a00\u4ee5\u5bf9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u8d28\u95ee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u884c\u5728\u771f\u7406\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u6d78\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6492\u6c34\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u53d7\u6d78\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u6765\u8d28\u95ee\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u65e0\u8bdd\u53ef\u7b54\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u843d\u5728\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3a\u7740\u795e\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u51c6\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u624d\u6709\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u9700\u8981\u7231\u4e3b\u3001\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6709\u795e\u7684\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u795e\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e0e\u522b\u4eba\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8054\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3001\u4fe1\u4e49\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8054\u5728\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u9053\u53ef\u8bb2\uff0c\u6709\u8bdd\u53ef\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u53ef\u8bb2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ca\u771f\u7406\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u80fd\u8bb2\u5f97\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u5efa\u9020\uff1b\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u82e5\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e43\u662f\u98d8\u8361\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c42\u4e3b\u601c\u60af\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u770b\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u897f\u56fd\u5f1f\u5144\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u5f1f\u5144\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e5f\u5f88\u6e05\u6d01\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u96be\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4eae\u5149\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u82e5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u80af\u865a\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5750\u4e0b\u597d\u597d\u8c08\u4e3b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6e10\u6e10\u5c31\u4f1a\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u56e0\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u843d\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u6539\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\uff1b\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u770b\u89c1\u4eae\u5149\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u611f\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e00\u822c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u6709\u96be\u5904\uff0c\u8fde\u8fd9\u6837\u5c5e\u7075\u3001\u6e05\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u53f2\u5f1f\u5144\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5149\u666f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u548c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u903c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u5f97\u671b\u4e4b\u751f\u754f\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u5ba2\u537f\u76f8\u5b89\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5c06\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b81\u80af\u9009\u62e9\u505c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u89c1\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8def\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u5386\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7ed9\u524d\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u4ec0\u4e48\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u6b63\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7fa1\u6155\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u77e5\u795e\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u5174\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e3a\u7740\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u502a\u5f1f\u5144\u8bb2\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u539f\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u7684\u8bb2\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u53ec\u4f1a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56e0\u7740\u4ed6\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u53ea\u597d\u4ee3\u4ed6\u8bb2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u8bb2\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u7b14\u8bb0\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u540e\u6765\u4f5c\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u518d\u601d\u201d\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u502a\u5f1f\u5144\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eae\u5149\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8d8a\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u867d\u7136\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u660e\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7528\u610f\u662f\u8981\u4f60\u4eec\u660e\u4e86\u5927\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u4fbf\u5229\u3001\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4ece\u5404\u5730\u6765\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u897f\u56fd\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c5e\u7075\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u5404\u9762\u7684\u96be\u5904\u548c\u5371\u9669\u3002\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u76d8\u6258\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f60\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u6073\u5207\u7684\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u4e09\u5206\u949f\u7684\u65ad\u6848\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u6211\u91cc\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u6765\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9886\u4f1a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u4e3b\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u5174\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u4e5f\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u4eba\u5bb6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5f97\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u77e5\u5df1\u77e5\u5f7c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u767e\u6218\u767e\u80dc\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u4e0d\u81f4\u4e8f\u8d1f\u4e3b\u6240\u4ea4\u6258\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\uff08\u674e\u5e38\u53d7\u6587\u96c6\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c<\/em>\uff0c\u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u804c\u4e8b\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u674e\u5e38\u53d7\u6587\u96c6\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c \u53ec\u4f1a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u804c\u4e8b \u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u53ec\u4f1a\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7acb\u573a \u8bfb\u7ecf\uff1a\u5f17\u56db4\uff0c\u6797\u524d\u4e002\uff0c\u5341\u4e8c12\uff5e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":228222,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-248833","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/248833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=248833"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/248833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":248834,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/248833\/revisions\/248834"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectivewritings.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=248833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}